Where is Tanzania Located in Africa?

Geographically, Tanzania is positioned on the eastern coast of Africa and lies just south of the Equator. It has a diverse landscape that encompasses the eastern branch of the East African Rift Valley, the largest freshwater lake in Africa (Lake Victoria), and the highest peak on the continent (Mount Kilimanjaro). The country has a total area of about 947,300 square kilometers, making it the 31st largest country in the world.

The capital city of Tanzania is Dodoma, located centrally within the country, although the major economic and cultural hub is Dar es Salaam, situated on the eastern coast along the Indian Ocean. The country has a long coastline that spans approximately 1,424 kilometers, providing access to the Indian Ocean and serving as a gateway for international trade.

Tanzania is known for its rich biodiversity and natural beauty, with numerous national parks and conservation areas. The famous Serengeti National Park, Ngorongoro Conservation Area, and Mount Kilimanjaro National Park are just a few examples of the country’s exceptional natural attractions. These areas are home to a wide variety of wildlife, including elephants, lions, leopards, giraffes, and wildebeests.

In addition to its natural wonders, Tanzania boasts a wealth of historical and archaeological sites worth exploring. Among the most renowned is Olduvai Gorge, often regarded as one of the most important paleoanthropological sites in the world. Sometimes called the “Cradle of Mankind,” Olduvai Gorge has yielded fossils and ancient tools that have helped scientists unlock the story of human evolution.

Along the coast, the influence of Swahili culture is evident in the architecture and atmosphere of historic towns such as Bagamoyo and Kilwa Kisiwani. Both are UNESCO World Heritage Sites, with ancient ruins, centuries-old mosques, and former trading posts that reveal Tanzania’s rich past as a center of trade between Africa, the Middle East, and beyond.

From prehistoric discoveries to vibrant coastal settlements, these sites offer a fascinating glimpse into Tanzania’s diverse heritage.

Tanzania is known for its diverse climate zones and unique topography. The country experiences a wide range of climates, from tropical to temperate, depending on the altitude and geographic location. This is primarily due to its size and the variation in topography across the country.

The coastal regions of Tanzania, including the popular tourist destination of Zanzibar, have a tropical climate with high temperatures and humidity. The average temperature in these regions ranges from 25 to 30 degrees Celsius (77 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit) throughout the year. The coastal areas also experience two rainy seasons: the long rains from March to May and the short rains from November to December.

As you move inland, the climate transitions from tropical to a more temperate climate. The central plateau, which includes the capital city of Dodoma and the largest city, Dar es Salaam, has a milder climate with temperatures ranging from 20 to 25 degrees Celsius (68 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit). This region experiences a single rainy season from November to April.

The northern highlands of Tanzania, including the famous national parks of Serengeti and Ngorongoro Crater, have a cooler climate due to the higher altitude. These regions experience two distinct seasons: the dry season from June to October and the rainy season from November to May. The temperatures in the northern highlands can drop to as low as 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit) during the cooler months.

In terms of topography, Tanzania is characterized by a diverse landscape. The country consists of coastal plains along the Indian Ocean, a central plateau, and several mountain ranges, including the Eastern Arc Mountains and the Great Rift Valley. Additionally, Tanzania is home to many lakes, including Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika, and Lake Nyasa (also known as Lake Malawi).

With so much to offer, it’s no wonder Tanzania is a bucket-list destination for travelers around the globe. Whether you’re a wildlife enthusiast, a history buff, or simply in search of sun-soaked shores, there’s no shortage of incredible places to explore.

• Serengeti National Park: World-renowned for its annual wildebeest migration and teeming with lions, elephants, and more, the Serengeti is a safari dream come true.

• Mount Kilimanjaro: Adventurers flock here to climb Africa’s tallest peak, with routes suitable for both seasoned trekkers and determined beginners.

• Zanzibar Archipelago: Powdery beaches meet the turquoise Indian Ocean, while the labyrinthine streets of Stone Town tell tales of centuries past.

• Ngorongoro Conservation Area: Home to the breathtaking Ngorongoro Crater, this region offers a chance to see dense concentrations of wildlife in a dramatic volcanic landscape.

• Dar es Salaam: Tanzania’s largest city is a lively hub of culture, markets, and coastal cuisine—great for urban explorers and beach lovers alike.

• Tarangire and Lake Manyara National Parks: Known for majestic baobab trees, impressive herds of elephants, and prolific birdlife, these parks are perfect for a quieter safari experience.

• Arusha: Often the starting point for Serengeti and Kilimanjaro adventures, Arusha bustles with markets, coffee shops, and local art.

• Nyerere and Ruaha National Parks: Off-the-beaten-path gems, these wilderness areas promise fewer crowds and dramatic landscapes teeming with wildlife.

• Gombe Stream National Park: From vast riverine wilderness in the south to Jane Goodall’s legendary chimpanzee habitat near Lake Tanganyika, there’s wildlife everywhere you turn.

• Pemba Island and Cheetah’s Rock: For those seeking unique marine experiences and conservation encounters, these spots deliver memorable moments both in and out of the water.

Whether you crave the pulse of the wild or the tranquility of island life, Tanzania has something for every traveler.

If you are planning a trip to Tanzania, it’s essential to know how to get to this beautiful country.

By Air: The most convenient way to reach Tanzania is by air. The country has several international airports, with Julius Nyerere International Airport in Dar es Salaam and Kilimanjaro International Airport being the busiest ones. These airports are well-connected to major cities around the world, including Nairobi, Johannesburg, Amsterdam, Dubai, and Istanbul, among others. Several major airlines such as Qatar Airways, Emirates, Ethiopian Airlines, Turkish Airlines, and Kenya Airways operate regular flights to Tanzania. Domestic flights are also available to reach other parts of the country, including Zanzibar and the Serengeti.

By Road-Main Land Border Crossings into Tanzania

If you’re considering arriving in Tanzania by road, there are several main border crossings you’ll want to know about, depending on your route and starting country. Each crossing serves as an entry point from a different neighbor, making it straightforward to plan your overland journey.

• From Kenya: The most commonly used border posts are Namanga, Isebania, and Loitokitok. Namanga is especially popular due to its accessibility from both Nairobi and Arusha.
• From Uganda: Travelers typically enter via the Mutukula border post, which connects directly to northwestern Tanzania.
• From Rwanda: The Rusumo border crossing is the primary route for those coming from Rwanda.
• From Burundi: The Kabanga (sometimes referred to as Kobero) border point is most frequently used.
• From Zambia: Tunduma is the main gateway from Zambia, connecting the highway networks of both countries.
• From Malawi: The Songwe (also known as Kasumulu) border crossing serves as the principal entry from Malawi.
• From Mozambique: Southern travelers often use the Mtambaswala – Negomano crossing.

With such a range of land borders, overland travel to Tanzania can be an adventure in itself, though it’s crucial to stay up-to-date on visa requirements, border regulations, and road conditions before setting out.

By railway: One popular road travel option is via the TAZARA railway, which connects Dar es Salaam in Tanzania with Kapiri Mposhi in Zambia. This scenic train journey traverses stunning landscapes, including the Selous Game Reserve and the Great Rift Valley, making it a memorable experience for travelers. The TAZARA railway is the only cross-border train service between the two countries, covering an impressive 1,860 kilometers. The full journey typically takes around 50 hours, offering passengers a unique way to see remote parts of Tanzania and Zambia while passing through national parks and rural villages. For those with time and a sense of adventure, this route is as much about the journey as the destination.

By Water: Tanzania is bordered by the Indian Ocean, making it accessible by water for those traveling by cruise ship or private yacht. The country has several ports, including Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar, and Tanga, which cater to cruise ships and cargo vessels. These ports are well-connected to other African countries and even international destinations, allowing travelers to explore Tanzania’s coastal areas or venture into neighboring countries by ferry.

Before traveling to Tanzania, it’s important to be aware of the entry requirements. Most travelers will need a valid passport with at least six months of validity remaining. Depending on your nationality, you may also need a visa to enter Tanzania. Visas can be obtained online in advance or upon arrival at the airport or border. It is recommended to check the latest visa requirements before your trip to ensure a smooth entry into the country.

Tanzania offers a wealth of unforgettable travel experiences, whether you’re dreaming of witnessing the Great Migration or longing to unwind on the spice-scented shores of Zanzibar. Here are a few highlight itineraries to consider:

Our team of Tanzanian Safari Experts has more than 15 years of firsthand experience and knowledge in traveling Tanzania. Contact us now to create the perfect tailor-made itinerary that fulfills all your preferences and requirements. Read our TripAdvisor Reviews